Kuwa mbere wa Pentekositi, Kiliziya yahageneye ihimbaza ry’umunsi mukuru wa Bikira Mariya Mutagatifu, Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya, umunsi mukuru watangajwe na Nyirubutungane Papa Fransisko mu mwaka wa 2018, uhimbazwa muri Liturujiya ya Kiliziya bwa mbere kuwa 21 Gicurasi 2018. Mu Iteka ryasinywe kuwa 11 Gashyantare 2018, rigatangazwa kuwa 3 Werurwe 2018, iteka ryitwa “Ibyishimo bisendereye” (“Laetitia plena”), ni ho Ibiro bya Papa bishinzwe Imihango mitagatifu n’ihimbazwa riboneye ry’Amasakaramentu, byashyize mu bikorwa icyemezo cya Papa Fransisko cy’uko umunsi wa Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya, uzajya wibukwa ku buryo butegetswe kuwa mbere ukurikira Pentekosti, kuva ubwo ushyirwa muri Kalendari ya Liturujiya, maze utangira guhimbazwa ku buryo bwemejwe na Kiliziya,
Kuba Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya byari bimaze igihe kinini muri Kiliziya. Byemezwa n’uko kuva mu ntangiriro ya Kiliziya, Abakristu babonye muri Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya kuko, igihe Intumwa zakiraga Roho Mutagatifu zari ziri kumwe n’uwo Mubyeyi, basenga. Igitabo cy’ibyakozwe n’Intumwa kibitubwira muri aya magambo ngo: “Bose barangwaga n’umutima umwe, bagashishikarira gusenga, bari kumwe n’abagore bamwe, barimo Mariya nyina wa Yezu” (Intu 1, 14). Kuri Pentekosti, naho Abigishwa ba Yezu igihe buzura Roho Mutagatifu, bari bakoraniye hamwe, bari kumwe na Bikira Mariya.
Izina rya Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya (Mater Ecclesiae), ni rimwe mu mazina abakristu bahaye Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya kuva mu ntangiriro za Kiliziya. Nko kuva mu kinyejana cya 4, Mutagatifu Ambroziyo wa Milano yifashishaga iryo zina rya Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya, mu nyandiko ze. Iryo zina ryamenyekanye cyane mu kinyejana cya 20, aho mu ijambo rye, Mutagatifu Papa Pawulo wa VI, yavuze tariki ya 21 ugushyingo mu 1964 asoza icyiciro cya gatatu cy’Inama Nkuru ya Vatikani ya 2, yahamije kandi yemeza ku mugaragaro ko « Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya », nk’uko Kiliziya itahwemye kubyemera ishingiye ku Byanditswe Bitagatifu muri Bibiliya.
Mutagatifu Papa Pawulo wa 6 na none yahamije ko Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya mu Ijambo yavuze kuwa 7 Ukuboza 1965, mu gutangaza inyandiko yitwa: Rumuri rw’amahanga (Lumen Gentium) aho yagize ati: « Ni ukubera ikuzo ry’Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya n’ineza yacu, dutangaje ko Bikira Mariya Mutagatifu ari Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya, ni ukuvuga ko umuryango wose w’Imana, kimwe n’abakristu bose ndetse n’abashumba ba Kiliziya, bazajya bita uko, uwo Mubyeyi ukwiye gukundwa. Kandi turifuza ko, mbere na mbere, hamwe n’iryo zina rituje, Bikira Mariya yubahwa kandi akiyambazwa n’umuryango wose w’abakristu ».
Hari impamvu 3 nyamukuru ziduhamiriza ku buryo ndakuka ko Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya: Impamvu ya mbere ni iy’uko Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi wa Yezu Kristu, kandi Yezu akaba ari Umutwe wa Kiliziya; iyi ni impamvu ndashidikanywaho ituma Kiliziya ihamya ko Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya. Mu byanditswe bitagatifu, mu Ivanjili bita Mariya “Nyina wa Yezu” ( Yh 2,1; Mt 1,18; 2,11.13.20; 12,46; 13,55) cyangwa Nyina w’Umutegetsi (Lk 1,43). Kuva mu binyejana bya mbere, Kiliziya ntiyigeze ishidikanya uko kuri kuri Bikira Mariya, abakristu bakamwambaza nk’ Umubyeyi w’Imana, muri rya sengesho tuvuga ngo: “Mubyeyi Mutagatifu w’Imana turaguhungiraho ngo uturengere, ntusubize inyuma amaganya tukuganyira mu bukene bwacu, maze amakuba duhoramo uyadukize. Mubikira wasanganywe icyubahiro ukwiye gusingizwa.”Iri sengesho ni iryo mu kinyejana cya gatatu, natwe dukomeze kurikomeraho turyubashye.
N’ubwo abakristu bambazaga Mariya nk’Umubyeyi w’Imana, kubyemeza nk’ihame ry’ukwemera kudashidikanywaho byemejwe n’Inama Nkuru ya Kiliziya yabereye I Efezi mu mwaka wa 431, ubwo Kiliziya yahamije ko Bikira Mariya ari Nyina w’Imana. Ku buryo budasubirwaho, Kiliziya yongeye kwemeza iryo hame mu mwaka wa 451, mu Nama nkuru ya Kiliziya yabereye I Kaliseduwani.
Impamvu ya kabiri, yaduhamiriza ko Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya ni iy’uko Bikira Mariya yifatanyije na Yezu mu nzira Yezu Kristu yanyuze yo kuducungura. Mariya, natwe araturera, akaduhangayikira nk’uko yabikoreye Yezu ubutamutererana ndetse kugeza no mu nzira y’ububabare bwose, Mariya ntiyahunze, byose yabikurikiranye mu ituze na bucece ye ihora imuranga. Mariya rero, agendana na Kiliziya kandi agendana natwe mu magorwa yacu yose no mu miruho yacu iyo tumwitabaje tukanamwiyambaza, akemera kuruhana natwe nk’uko yaruhanye na Yezu ubutamuva iruhande mu bihe byose by’ubuzima bwe kuko n’igihe bamaze kumubamba, Mariya yari ahagaze munsi y’umusaraba, igihe bururukije umurambo we awakira mu biganza bye, ndetse anawusasira mu mva. Natwe aba Kristu, muri byose tunyuramo, Mariya aba aturi iruhande, ntaduhunga cyangwa ngo adutererane, ntatujya kure ahubwo ahora aduhumuriza nk’Umubyeyi (Présence maternelle de Marie).
Mariya ni Umubyeyi w’ingingo za Kristu, Mariya ni Umubyeyi wa Kristu Umwana w’Imana akaba n’Umubyeyi w’ingingo z’umubiri mayobera We ari wo Kiliziya. Mu magambo ya Yezu agira ati: “Mwana dore Nyoko, na We Mubyeyi dore Umwana wawe” (Yh 19,26-27); ni nk’itangazo ry’ububyeyi bwa Mariya uzaba nka Eva mushya dore ko twumvise ibyaranze uwa kera, Mariya akaba Umubyeyi w’abemera bose, ari na bo Yohani abereye mu cyimbo. Ubu bubyeyi ndengakamere bwatangajwe na Yezu ubwe, ubwo yari ku musaraba, akaraga Mariya abemera, bahagarariwe na Yohani, agira ati: “Mubyeyi, dore umwana wawe“ (Yh 19, 26), hanyuma akabwira na Yohani ati: “Dore Nyoko” (Yh 19, 27).
Impamvu ya gatatu yaduhamiriza ko Bikira Mariya ari Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya, ni iy’uko Kiliziya yatangiye ubutumwa bwayo iri kumwe n’Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya kuri Pentekosti. Igihe Intumwa zari zitegereje Roho Mutagatifu zari kumwe na Bikira Mariya, Roho Mutagatifu amaze kuzisendera, zitangira kwamamaza hose ibitangaza by’Imana ( Intu 2, 11). Ibyo rero bitubera ikimenyetso cyumvikana twashyikira ko Bikira Mariya wari kumwe n’Intumwa zakira Roho Mutagatifu, ari Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya yavutse kuri Pentekosti. Na none kandi, nk’uko byagenze mu bukwe bw’i Kana, Bikira Mariya ni we uhora asabira Kiliziya iri mu rugendo, aho akomeza kubwira abakurikiye Yezu ati: “Icyo Yezu Kristu ababwira cyose mugikore” (Lk 2, 5). Buri gihe Mariya afatanya isengesho na Kiliziya kandi akayisabira, nk’uko bigaragara mu ntangiriro za Kiliziya. Ni Umubyeyi wunze ubumwe na Kiliziya, akayikomeza mu isengesho (Intu 1,14).
Icyerekezo cy’ubuzima n’intego bya Bikira Mariya, ni uguhuriza mu bumwe no mu munezero uhoraho abana ba Kiliziya bose, akabinjiza mu ihirwe rya Kristu, Umutwe n’Umutware wa Kiliziya. Ku munsi twibukaho Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya, turushaho kuzirikana ukuntu Yezu yatikuwe icumu n’umwe mu basirikare hakavamo amaraso n’amazi, ikimenyetso cy’ingabire ya Roho Mutagatifu, we bakunda gusobanurisha ikigereranyo cy’amazi n’icy’amaraso atanga ubugingo; bikanabonwamo kandi ishusho rya Batisimu (Isakramentu ruduha ubugingo bushya bw’abana b’Imana muri Kiliziya) n’iry’Ukaristiya (Isakramentu ribeshaho Kiliziya). Amazi n’amaraso, byavubutse mu mutima wa Yezu wo soko y’impuhwe atugirira, ndetse kandi tuzi ko bitanga ubuzima, bikabuha Kiliziya (Umubiri Mayobera wa Kristu), bikanabuha buri wese wo mu bemera.
Ihimbazwa ry’umunsi wa Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya, ridufasha kwibuka ko uko ubuzima bwa gikristu bukura, bugomba kwisanisha n’iyobera ry’umusaraba, bugomba kwisanisha n’ituro rya Kristu mu Ukaristiya, bukisanisha kandi n’Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya twahawe, Umubyeyi w’umucunguzi akaba kandi n’umubyeyi w’abacunguwe bose. Dukomeze kwisunga uyu Mubyeyi kugira ngo atuvuganire ku Mwana we kandi na none mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi ntitugahweme kumwisunga nk’Umubyeyi w’impuhwe usabira kandi akavuganira twebwe abanyabyaha kuri Kristu Umwana We. Na none kandi tujye tuzirikana ubutumwa uyu Mubyeyi yagiye atanga hirya no hino adushishikariza gusenga cyane, guhinduka tukisubiraho, tukicuza ibyaha, tukivugurura dukurikiza ku buryo bunoze ibyo Yezu Kristu yahishuye bikubiye mu ivanjili, tuniyegurire kandi umutima we utagira inenge.
Umwanditsi:
Padiri Julien MWISENEZA
Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi Musha/Arkidiyosezi ya Kigali
