Ni henshi mu Byanditswe Bitagatifu dusanga umugenzo wo gusiba, yaba mu Isezerano rya Kera ndetse no mu Isezerano Rishya. K’umukristu gusiba ntibigomba kuba umuhango gusa ahubwo bigomba no kumubera uburyo bwisumbuyeho bumufasha kurushaho kwegera Imana. Gusiba ni igikorwa cyo kurangamira Imana bigakorwa umuntu yigomwa ibiribwa cyangwa se n’ibindi bintu byose byatumaga ajya kure y’Imana. Ni umwitozo wo gucisha bugufi ibyifuzo n’irari ry’umubiri kugira ngo roho irangamire Imana. Muri icyo gihe cyo gusiba umutima wa muntu uba urarikiye Imana kurushaho aho guha agaciro ibinezeza umubiri. Ibyo bigatuma umuntu arushaho kuba imbere y’Imana ntakimukurura mu bishimisha umubiri. Icyingenzi cyane mu gikorwa cyo gusiba ni uburyo nyirukubikora yateguye umutima we ndetse n’impamvu ituma asiba. Yezu mu ivanjili agaruka cyane ku buryo bwiza tugomba gusiba kugira ngo ugusiba kwacu bitugirire akamaro imbere y’Imana kandi bigere ku ntego nyayo : « Igihe musiba kurya, ntimukijime mu maso nk’uko indyarya zibigira :zikambya agahanga kugira ngo babone ko zsiba. Ndababwira ukuri :ziba zashyikiriye ingororano yazo.Wowe rero nusiba kurya, ujye wisiga mu mutwe, wiyuhagire mu maso,kugira ngo utamenyesha abantu ko usiba, ahubwo bimenywe na So uri aho atagaraga ; maze So umenya ibyihishe, azabikwiture » (Mt 6,16-18).
Gusiba ntibivuze gusiba ibitunga umubiri gusa. Umuntu ashobora gusiba kuburyo bunyuranye yaba ari ibitunga umubiri cyangwa se agasiba ikintu cyose cyimukurura mubucakara bw’icyaha.Umuntu ashobora gusiba kuvuga amagambo mabi, gusiba irari kureba ibidafite umumaro, gusiba ibikorwa by’urugomo,gusiba ingeso z’inyuranye. Muri rusange ni ugusiba icyaha. Gusa aha tugiye kwibanda ku kamaro ko gusiba ibitunga umubiri wacu kuko nabyo hari ubwo bitubera ikigirwamana bigatuma imibiri yacu itabasha guca bugufi ngo ijye mu mwanya wayo.
- Gusiba mu Byanditswe Bitagatifu
1.1. Gusiba muri rusange
Kera Muri Isiraheli Umuhango wo gusiba washoboraga gukorwa muri rusange (Umuryango wose ). Aha urugero rugaragara cyane ni urwo mu gihe cy’Umuhanuzi Yonasi mu mujyi wa Ninivi, gusiba kwatangajwe mu mujyi wose n’umwami : «Abantu b’i Ninivi bemera Imana, batangaza igisibo, bambara ibigunira , kuva ku mukuru kugeza ku muto. Rya jambo riza kugera ku mwami wa Ninivi, na we ahaguruka ku ntebe ye y’ubwami, yambura igishura, yambara ikigunira, yicara mu ivu. Nuko batangaza muri Ninivi iteka ry’umwami n’abakuru bo mu gihugu, rivuga riti : Abantu n’inyamaswa n’amatungo, ntibigire icyo birya, ntibirishe kandi ntibinywe n’amazi. Nibyambare ibigunira, baba abantu, zaba inyamaswa, nibitakambire Imana n’imbaraga zose, maze buri wese areke imigirire ye mibi, n’urugomo rwitwaza amaboko. Ni nde wamenya niba Imana itahindura imigambi, umujinya ugashira mu mutima maze ntitube tugipfuye ? »(Yon 3,1-9)
Isiraheli nayo mu gihe cy’amage yibumbiraga hamwe mu gusiba nuko igatakambira Uhoraho ngo ayitabare, ayikize umwanzi cyangwa icyago cyabaga cyibugarije. Aha twavuga nko mu gihe cy’umwamikazi Esitera, ubwo ubwoko bw’Abayahudi bwari bugiye kurimburwa biturutse kukagambane ka Hamani : « Esitera na we aramusubiza ati :Genda ukoranye Abayahudi bose bari i Suza maze mwihane kubera jyewe : mumare iminsi itatu mutarya, mutanywa , umunsi n’ijoro.Nanjye n’abaja banjye tuzabigenza dutyo » (Est 4,15-16).
Isiraheli kandi yasibaga ikurikije itegeko rya Musa ku munsi mukuru w’imbabazi : « Ku munsi wa cumi w’ukwezi kwa karindwi, ari umunyagihugu kavukire cyangwa umunyamahanga ubarimo, mwese muzareke kurya, kandi mwoye kugira umurimo mukora. Koko rero, kuri uwo munsi ni ho bazabakoreraho umuhango wo kubasukura…Uwo munsi uzababere nk’uw’isabato ; ni umunsi w’ikiruhuko, kandi muzirinde kugira icyo murya. Iryo rizababere itegeko ridakuka » (Lev 16, 29-31)
Mu Isezerano Rishya naho tubona ko Kiliziya mu ntangiriro, Intumwa za Yezu zasibaga kugirango zishyire hamwe isengesho zisabira Kiliziya cyangwa se abakuru ba za kiliziya babaga bamaze gushyirwaho mbere yuko batangira ubutumwa : « Nuko bashyiraho abakuru muri buri Kiliziya, bamaze gusenga no gusiba kurya, babaragiza Nyagasani bari baremeye »(Intu14.23)
1.2. Gusiba k’umuntu ku giti cye
Ibyanditswe Bitagatifu biduha ingero nyinshi z’abantu bakoze umwitozo wo gusiba kugiti cyabo kubera impamvu zinyuranye : kugira ngo babashe kuba imbere y’Imana, guca bugufi no kwihana, gutakambira umuryango w’Imana, gusaba imbabazi z’ibyaha,…Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe :
Igihe Uhoraho yongeye kugirana Isezerano n’Umuryango We, Musa yamaze ku musozi igihe cyingana n’iminsi mirongo ine n’amajoro mirongo ine ku musozi wa Sinayi asiba kurya ndetse no kunywa icyo ari cyo cyose. Icyo gihe cyose yakimaze imbere y’Imana yandika gusa amagambo y’Isezerano, ni ukuvuga amategeko icumi, ku bimanyu by’amabuye (reba Iyim 34, 28).
Mu gihe Hamani yaramaze kugambanira ubwoko bw’Abayahudi ngo burimburwe, Umwamikazi Esitera yamaze iminsi itatu asenga, asiba kandi ababaza umubiri we kuburyo bukomeye. Ibyo yabikoze atakambira umuryango we ngo Uhoraho Imana ya Isiraheli ibatabare kandi ibakize akaga k’urupfu kari kabugarije : « Umwamikazi Esitera yari mu cyunamo gikomeye, na we ahungira kuri Uhoraho. Amaze kwiyambura imyenda y’umurimbo, yambara iy’akababro no kwirabura ; aho kwisiga imibavu y’igiciro, yiraba ivu n’umwanda ; ababaza bikomeye umubiri we, maze ingingo yajyaga yishimira kugira nziza, azitwikiriza imisatsi idashokoje » (Est 4,17k)
Yezu nawe Ibyanditswe Bitagatifu bitwereka ko ari ubu buryo yakoresheje asiba, igihe Roho Mutagatifu yamujyanaga mu butayu nyuma ya Batisimu : «Hanyuma Yezu ajyanwa na Roho Mutagatifu mu butayu kugira ngo ashukwe na Sekibi. Asiba kurya iminsi mirongo ine n’amajoro mirongo ine, hanyuma arasonza »(Mt 4,1-2)
Kuri iki gice cyo gusiba umuntu ku giti cye Ibyanditswe Bitagatifu bitwereka ko hari uburyo bubiri umuntu ashobora gusibamo. Uburyo bwa mbere ni ubwo tumaze kuvuga aho umuntu ashobora gusiba ibyo yaryaga byose, akirinda kugira icyo arya cyangwa anywa nkuko twabibonye mu ngero nyinshi twavuze haruguru (Esitera, Yezu,Abayahudi…).
Uburyo bwa kabiri ni ugusiba bimwe mubyo dukunda kurya cyangwa kunywa bitugora kwizitura no kureka. Aha umuntu ntasiba kurya byose ahubwo ahitamo ibyo umubiri we ukunda cyane ndetse bimugora kureka, rimwe na rimwe ndetse bigasa naho bitubera inzitizi yo kwegera Imana. Ibi tubisanga cyane k’umuhanuzi Daniyeli. Ubwo Daniyeli n’abagenzi be bari bajyanywe kuba mu ngoro y’umwami Nebukadinetsari bahisemo kutihumanyisha ibyo kurya ndetse n’ibyo kunywa by’i bwami (inyama z’ingurube ndetse na divayi), ahubwo basaba kuzajya batungwa n’imboga ndetse n’amazi: “Ndakwinginze ngo ugerageze abagaragu bawe mu minsi cumi; batugaburire imboga kandi baduhe n’amazi abe ari yo tunywa, hanyuma uzagereranye imimerere yacu n’iy’abasore barya ku biribwa by’umwami, maze uzategeke abagaragu bawe ukurikije ibyo uzaba wabonye” (Dn1,12-13). Umuhanuzi Daniyeli atubwira kandi ko we ubwe kubera umwete wo kwihana no gusenga kugira ngo abashe kwakira ubutumwa bw’Imana yirindaga gufata ibiryo biryoshye nk’inyama na divayi. Ibyo bigatuma arushaho kwizitura kubimukurura akihambira ku Mana no kuyishengererera, Yo yonyine:”Icyo gihe, jyewe Daniyeli, nari mu muhango wo kwihana umara ibyumweru bitatu: sinaryaga ibiryo biryoshye, inyama na divayi ntibyangeraga ku munwa, kandi sinari nkisiga amavuta kugeza ko ibyumweru bitatu birangira” (Dn 10,2-3). Ubu buryo bwa kabiri umuntu ashobora kubukora igihe kirekire ku mpamvu yo kurushaho kwegera Imana no gukuza roho.
- Kuki dusiba
Nkuko twabivuze mu ntangiriro umuntu asiba kubera impamvu. Ku mukristu ni byiza kumenya impamvu ahisemo gusiba n’intego ashaka kugeraho ndetse agahitamo n’uburyo bumubereye bwo gusiba. Nkuko twabivuze kandi dutangira, umuntu ntasiba ibitunga umubiri gusa ahubwo umuntu ashobora no gusiba ikintu cyose gishobora gutuma adasabana n’Umuremyi kuburyo bukwiye. Dore zimwe mu mpamvu umukristu asiba :
- Kugira ngo dutsinde irari ry’umubiri
Igihe cyo gusiba ni igihe twigomwa ibintu biduhambira ku irari ry’isi bikatujyana kure y ‘Imana. Gusiba rero bituma duca imigozi ituziritse y’ibyo dukunda bikatwegereza Imana. Gusiba bidufasha gutsinda ibyaha ndetse n’ingeso byatubayeho akarande. Gusiba bidufasha kandi kwirukana mu mutima wacu ibintu byose bishaka gufata umwanya w’Imana. Ibyo ni byo bituma turenga ku itegeko rya mbere ry’Imana : « Nta mana zindi uzagira kereka jyewe »(Iyim 20,3). Uko turushaho kumara n’Imana umwanya munini turushaho kugenda dusa nayo kandi ikatwambika igitinyiro cyayo imbere y’iby’isi bidukurura (reba Iyim 34, 29-35). Gusiba kandi bigenda bidufasha gukunda ibyo Imana ikunda tukanga ibituma tuyigomera.
- Mbere y’igikorwa gikomeye
Yezu ubwe atwigisha ko gusiba ari umugenzo ukomeye igihe cyose tugiye gufata icyemezo gikomeye mu buzima cyangwa tugiye gutangira ubutumwa bukomeye. Twibuke uko yamaze iminsi mirongo ine n’amajoro mirongo ine mu butayu, atarya, atanywa mbere yo gutangira kwamamaza Inkuru Nziza. Mu ntangiriro za Kiliziya, Intumwa za Yezu nazo mbere yo gushyiraho abakuru ba Kiliziya cyangwa na mbere yo kugira abo bohereza mu butumwa babanzaga gusenga biherekejwe no gusiba (reba Intu 13,3). Ibyo byabafashaga kumenya ugushaka kw’Imana mubyo babaga bashaka gukora.
- Kugira ngo turusheho kwegera Imana tudashikamiwe n’umubiri
Kimwe mu mbuto zo gusiba ni uko bidufasha kurushaho kwegera no gusabana n’Imana kuburyo bwisumbuyeho. Gusiba ni igihe cyihariye kidufasha kubasha gutega amatwi Imana ntakintu mubyaremwe twiziritseho cyangwa cyitubereye ikigirwamana cyane cyane mubinezeza umubiri. Ibyo bigatuma Imana ibasha kuduhishurira amabanga yayo akomeye ndetse no kudusakazaho impuhwe n’imbabazi byayo. (reba Dn 10,4-19). Inzara y’umubiri ituma turushaho kuzirikana ukuntu roho yacu yicwa n’inzara igihe cyose turi kure y ‘Imana.
- Ikimenyetso cyo guca bugufi imbere y’Imana
Nkuko twagiye tubibona henshi mubaduhaye urugero, gusiba cyabaga ari ikimenyetso cyo guca bugufi bikomeye imbere y’Imana. Umuntu akemerera Imana ko ari ubusa busa imbere y’ubuhangange bwayo. Umuntu bikamufasha kwereka Imana ko usibye ubuvunyi bwayo ubundi we ntacyo yishoboreye. Benshi bisigaga ivu, bakaryicaramo ndetse bakambara ibigunira nk’ikimenyetso cyo kubwira Imana ko bemera ko muntu yavuye mu gitaka kandi azagisubiramo. Uyu mubiri kenshi utubera ikigirwamana, ugatuma tudaca bugufi ngo duhe Imana ikuzo ikwiye. Gusiba rero bidufasha gusubiza umubiri mu mwanya wawo.
III. Gusiba bijyana n’ibikorwa by’urukundo
Kugira ngo gusiba kwacu kurusheho kwera imbuto yaba kuri twe ndetse no kubandi ni byiza ko guherekezwa n’ibikorwa by’urukundo. Umuhanuzi Izayi atwereka imyitozo igomba guherekeza umugenzo wo gusiba kugira ngo gusiba kwacu kunyure Imana kandi natwe kutugirire akamaro.
–Kudohora ingoyi z’akarengane, guhambura iminyururu y’uburetwa no kurekura abo dushikamiye(Iz 58,6): igihe cyo gusiba ni igihe cyo gutanga imbabazi, kwirukana inzika mu mutima no kwiyunga nabo mufitanye inzika ndetse n’urwangano. Ni igihe cyo kubabarira abadukomerekeje. Ni igihe cyo kwirukana mu mutima wacu ibitekerezo byo kwihorera, inzika, umujinya, ishyari. Ibyo byose bituma tuzirika abavandimwe bacu tukabagira imbohe mu mitima yacu.
–Gusangira umugati wawe n’umushonji, gucumbikira abakene, kwambika uwambaye ubusa no kutirengagiza abakene(Iz 6,7): Igihe cyo gusiba ni umwanya mwiza wo kwemerera Imana ikerekeza amaso yacu y’umubiri n’umutima kubashonje, abakene, abambaye ubusa kugirango gusiba kwacu kubagirire akamaro. Koko ni byiza gusiba ibyo twakundaga kugirango turangamire Imana ntakituziritse. Nyamara ni byiza kurushaho iyo ibyo twasibye bigiriye akamaro ababikeneye. Mu gihe cyo gusiba tugomba kwemerera Imana ikadukoresha kugirango igere no kubababaye batabasha kubona ibyo twe twigomwe. Bityo nkuko umuhanuzi Izayi abitubwira urumuri rwacu ruzarasa nk’umuseke weya rwirukane umwijima wo kwiheba n’agahinda kari mu mitima ya benshi kandi ugusiba kwacu guhanagure amarira y’imfubyi n’abapfakazi (reba Iz 58,8-). Natwe umugisha w’Uhoraho uzadusesekaraho.
Padiri Phocas BANAMWANA
Umunyamabanga wa Arkidiyosezi ya Kigali